Novel mechanisms underlying bioactivities of polyphenols via hormesis

Polyphenols have been found in both rodent and human studies to exhibit diverse bioactivities though the mechanisms of action underlying those beneficial functions remain be fully elucidated. animals are widely recognized as xenobiotics known induce adaptive responses. Essential related include expressions antioxidative xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, heat shock proteins. Additionally, hormesis has an mechanism by which mild stressors can potentiate protective capacity host, while at excessive levels harmful or lethal. Interestingly, hormesis-related early events lipolysis induced polyphenols recently identified. For example, curcumin (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate were markedly decrease amount triglycerides differentiated Huh7 mouse hepatoma cells. oxidative protein stresses also demonstrated significantly contribute their effects. Moreover, key response was identified a marked intracellular ATP levels. Taken together, phytochemicals may partially through mechanisms, this hypothesis supported fact that they often show side-effects when given high doses.